Martina Johnson, born in Bremle, Telemark, Norway in 1858 as Simonine Mathene Andersdatter. She acquired the surname Halvorson upon arriving in the USA in 1861 with her father, whose patronymic was Halvorson. In the US she was known as both Martina and Martha. She married John Bjorn Johnson in Minnesota in 1875 and they had twelve children including Johanna Ingeborg (Hannah Engeborg) Johnson, my mother's mother. Martina died in Nordland, Minnesota, in February 1929, when my Mom was almost seven.