Ubiquitin pathway for protein
degradation
E1 + ATP + Ub -----------> E1.Ub-AMP + PPi
E1.Ub-AMP + Ub ----------> E1-s-co-Ub.AMP-Ub
E1-s-co-Ub.AMP-Ub + E2-SH -----> E2-s-co-Ub + E1.AMP-Ub
E2-s-co-Ub + Protein-NH2 -------> E2-SH + Protein-NH-CO-Ub