Bernard always had a special love for the Song of Songs. Early in his monastic career, when he made himself ill by overwork, he spent some time in a hut in the monastery garden resting and convalescing. William of St. Thierry spent some time with him there, himself convalescent, and they talked of the Song of Songs so as to pass the time in a constructive way. (1) The themes of the Song of Songs were always in his mind as he wrote and preached, and in 1135 he began a series of sermons that was to continue, with breaks while he was absent from Clairvaux, until his death in 1153. 
He found matter there for reflection on current affairs, on his own personal experiences, on human life and the love of God. It proved both a book about the present and particular and a hymn to eternal things. He points out in Sermon 30 (1ff.) [not in this volume] that there must be points of likeness between self-knowledge and knowledge of God oam in aliquo similis) or we could not learn from one about the other, as God clearly intends us to do. 
This is a consistent emphasis in Bernard’s spirituality. He preaches the value of man in God’s eyes, but at the same time he sees that value as lying in God himself, through the union with God that the perfect among men will one day enjoy. Self-knowledge is worthwhile, but only because it will be swallowed up in the knowledge and love of God. The kiss of contemplation is a participation in the life and love of the Trinity. Human dignity consists in man’s capacity to return to God, to become again the being God made. 
The “likeness” is portrayed in the Song of Songs as the bond between Bridegroom and Bride. The bond holds not by any act of man, but by the action of divine grace. 
It is a likeness that can never be finally lost. Even in exile, in the “region of unlikeness,” the soul retains an inborn resemblance to God (Sermon 27.6). 
Among the sermons translated here are the opening series, on the “Kiss” of the soul and her bridegroom and, some of the later sermons, in which Bernard conveys most vividly the quality of his personal experience of rapture in contemplation.

1. VP I.vii.32-33; PL 185.246C; VP I.xi.59; PL 185.258-59. See Introduction to this volume.

SERMON I 
To you, brothers, I shall say what I should not say to those who are the world, or at least I shall say it in a different way. The preacher who follows the Apostle PauTs method of teaching will give them milk to drink, not solid food (1 Cor 3:1-2; Heb 5:12-4). Before those who a spiritually minded more solid food must be set, as the Apostle himself teaches by his own example. “We speak,” he says, “not in the words those learned in human wisdom, but in words taught by the Spirit. We teach spiritual things to those who are spiritual” (1 Cor 2: 13). Again, “We speak wisdom to those who are mature in the faith” (1 Cor 2:6), among whom I am sure I can number you, unless you have studied divine teaching so long, mortified your senses and meditated day and night on the law of God, all in vain (Ps 1 :2). 
And so be ready to eat not milk but bread. In Solomon there is bread, and bread that is fine and flavorsome. I speak of the book which is called the Song of Songs. Let it be brought forth, then, if you please, and broken. 
I.2. Now if I am not mistaken, through the grace of God you have been taught well enough by the words of Ecclesiastes to know and despise the vanity of this world. And what about Proverbs? Surely your life and conduct have been sufficiently amended and directed by the teaching found there? (1) You have already tasted these two, loaves you have accepted as being provided by a friend from his store (Lk 11:5). Come for the third loaf, too, so that perhaps you may recognize what is best (Phil 1:10). 
There are only two evils—or two chief evils—which war against the soue an empty love of the world and too much self-love (1 Pt 2:11). The two books we have mentioned can cure both diseases. One uproots wickedness and excess of body and of conduct with the hoe of self-control. The other, by the light of reason, shrewdly perceives that all the glory of the world has a deceptive look, and distinguishes it unerringly from solid truth. More than that, it sets the fear of God and the keeping of his commandments above all human pursuits and worldly desires (Eccl 12:13). And so it should. For the first is the beginning of wisdom (Ps 111:10) and the second its fulfillment. For it is obvious that there is no true and perfect wisdom except in turning from evil and doing good (Ps 36:27; Prv 3:7). And no one can turn wholly from evil without the fear of God, nor is any work good unless it is done according to the commandments. 
I.3. Taking it that these two evils have been put from us as a result of reading these two books, we may fittingly go on to this holy, contemplative discourse which, the fruit of the first two, feeds only seriously inclined ears and minds. 
II.1. Before the flesh has been subdued and the spirit set free by the pursuit of truth, before the glories of the world and its entanglements have been seen for what they are, and put from us, it is presumptuous of us to attempt the study of what is holy, for we are impure. Just as a light shines unseen on blind or closed eyes, so the man who is an animal does not see the things which belong so the spirit of God (1 Cor 2: 14). For the Holy Spirit teaches only the truth (Wis 1:5), and has nothing to do with the life of a man who lacks self-discipline. He will have no part in the emptiness of the world, because he is the Spirit of Truth (Jn 14:17). What does the wisdom from above have to do with worldly wisdom (Jas 3:17; 1 Cor 3:19), which is foolishness in God’s eyes? Or the wisdom of the flesh, which is hostile to God (Rom 8:7)? But I think that the friend who comes with us will have no cause for complaint against us when he has shared this third loaf. 
II.4. But who will break it? Here is the Master of the household. Know the Lord in the breaking of bread (Lk 24:35). Who else is the right person to do it? I should not dare to do it myself. Look upon me as someone from whom you expect nothing. 
For I am one of those who are expecting; I beg with you for food for my soul, the nourishment of the Spirit. Poor and needy indeed, I knock at the door which, “when he opens it, no one can close” (Rv 3:7), asking for help so that I may understand the mystery of this most profound discourse. “The eyes of us all are turned upon you in hope, Lord”(Ps 144:15). “The little children beg for bread; no one gives it to them” (Lam 4:4). They trust that they will receive it from your merciful love. O most Kind, break your bread for those who are hungering for it; by my hands, if you will allow, but by your own power . 
III.5. “Tell us, I beg, by whom, about whom, and to whom is said, “Let him kiss me with the kiss of his mouth”? (2) Why this sudden and abrupt beginning in the middle of a speech? For he breaks into words as if he had mentioned a speaker in the text, to whom this speaker is replying as she demands a kiss. Then again, if she asks for or demands a kiss from someone, why does she clearly and specifically say “with his mouth,” as if lovers were in the habit of kissing with anything but the mouth, or with mouthe which are not their own? Yet she does not say, “Let him kiss me with his mouth,” but, more intimately, “with the kiss of his mouth.” 
What a delightful way of putting it (Ps 103:34)! We begin with a kiss, and the lovely face of Scripture readily attracts the reader and leads him on, so that he delights to search into what lies hidden in it even if it costs him effort, and no difficulty can weary him where the sweetness of the discourse eases the labor. Surely this way of “beginning without a beginning,” this freshness of expression in so old a book, must capture the reader’s attention? It is clear that this work was not written by human wit, but was composed by the art of the Spirit. As a result, even if it is difficult to understand, it is nevertheless a source of delight to him who looks into it.
IV.6. But what now? Shall we leave out the title? No! Not even one iota may be omitted (Mt 5: 18), when we are instructed to collect the fragments in case they are lost (Jn 6: 12). This is the title: “The Beginning of the Song of Songs of Solomon.” 
Observe first the name of the Peacemaker, “Solomon”; that is appropriate at the beginning of a book which opens with the sign of peace, the kiss. And note, too, that only minds at peace are invited by this kind of opening to understand the Scriptures, minds which master the disturbances caused by the vices and the tumults of care within themselves. 
IV.7. Again, the title says not simply “Song,” but “Song of Songs.” Do not think that that is unimportant. I have read many songs in Scripture, and I do not remember any with that title. 
Israel sang a song to the Lord (Ex 15:1-19) because he had escaped the sword and yoke of Pharaoh, and the twofold miracle of the Red Sea both freed and avenged him. The song he sang is not called “The Song of Songs,” but, if I remember correctly, Scripture says, “Israel sang this song to the Lord” (Ex 15:1). 
Deborah sang (Jgs 5:1) and Judith sang (Jdt 16:1), and the mother of Samuel sang (1 Sm 2:1), and some of the prophets sang, too (cf. Is 5:1-2, 26:1-10). And none of them is said to have called his song the “Song of Songs.” You will find, if I am not mistaken, that each sang in gratitude for himself or on behalf of his own people, for a victory, for example, for escape from danger, or for something longed-for which had been given. And so then many have sung, each for his own reason, so that they should not be found ungrateful for God’s goodness to them, as in, “He gives thanks to you, O God, for blessing him” (Ps 48:19). 
But King Solomon, singular in wisdom, sublime in glory, rich in possessions, secure in peace, is not known to have been in need of any benefit for whose granting he would have sung this song. Nor does Scripture itself anywhere say that he did. 
8. And so, divinely inspired, he sang the praises of Christ and the Church, of the gift of holy love and the mystery of eternal union with God. And at the same time he expressed the longing of the holy soul, its wedding song; and exulting in the Spirit, he composed a joyful song. 
Yet it is in figurative language. It is not surprising that he veiled his face like Moses (Ex 34:33; 2 Cor 3:13). It must have shone no less than Moses’ face did when he met God face to face, for in those days there was no one, or almost no one, who could bear the glory of the face of God unveiled (2 Cor 3:18). Therefore I think this wedding song is given its title because it is excellent, and that is why it alone is deservedly called “The Song of Songs,” just as he in whose honor it is sung is alone called “King of Kings and Lord of Lords” (1 T m 6:15). 
V.9. If you consider your own experience, surely it is in the victory by which your faith overcomes the world (1 Jn 5:4), and “in your leaving the lake of wretchedness and the filth of the marsh” (Ps 39:3) that you sing to the Lord himself a new song because he has done marvellous works (Ps 97:1)?  
Again, when he began to “set your feet upon a rock and direct your steps” (Ps 39:3-4), I think that then, too, there was a new song in your mouth, a song to our God for his gift of newness of life. When you repented, he not only forgave your sins, but also promised rewards; did you not then sing of the Lord’s ways, rejoicing the more in the hope of good things to come (Rom 12:12), for great is the glory of the Lord (Ps 137:5)? 
And when, perhaps, he illuminates some passage in Scripture which was closed or obscure to you, then you cannot resist delighting his ears with the voice of exultation and praise (Ps 4:5), the sound of one who feasts in gratitude for the food of the bread of heaven he has given you. 
And in the daily trials and battles from which those who live a holy life in Christ are never free, for they come from the world, the flesh, and the devil (2 Tm 3:12), you learn by your experience that the life of man on earth is an endless battle (Jb 7:1), and it is necessary to renew
your song every day, for every victory that is won: each time temptation is overcome, or vice subdued, or a danger that threatens avoided, or the trap of the tempter detected, or a long-standing passion of the soul cured once and for all, or a virtue which has been longed for very much for a long time and often prayed for obtained at last by the gift of God. How can you not, just as often (in the words of the prophet) “give thanks and sound the voice of praise” (Js 51:3)? Otherwise when the time of Judgment comes, he will be thought ungrateful who cannot say to God, “Your statutes were my song in the place of my exile” (Ps 118:54). 
V.10. I think you wIll recognize from your own experience those psalms which are called not “The Song of Songs,” but “a song of steps.” Each of you, according to the steps he has taken upward in his heart (Ps 83:6), may choose one of these songs to praise and give glory to him who leads you on. How else is this passage to be taken, “There are shouts of exultation and safety in the tents of the just” (Ps 117:15)? And still more that beautiful and most saving exhortation of the Apostle, “Singing songs and psalms to the Lord in your hearts with psalms, hymns, and spiritual canticles” (Eph 5:19)? 
VI.11. But there is a song which, in its singular dignity and sweetness, outshines all those we have recalled, and every other there may be, and rightly have I called it “The Song of Songs,” because it is itself the fruit of all the others. This sort of song only the touch of the Holy Spirit teaches (1 Jn 2:27), and it is learned by experience alone. Let those who have experienced it enjoy it; let those who have not burn with desire, not so much to know it as to experience it. It is not a noise made aloud, but the very music of the heart. It is not a sound from the lips but a stirring of joy, not a harmony of voices but of wills. It is not heard outwardly, nor does it sound in public (Is 42:2). Only he who sings it hears it, and he to whom it is sung -- the Bride and the Bridegroom. It is a wedding song indeed, expressing the embrace of chaste and joyful souls, the concord of their lives and the mutual exchange of their love. 
VI.12. For the rest, it is not for the souls of children and novices to sing or to hear, or for those who have recently turned from a worldly life, but those who are making progress and have disciplined themselves to study, and who have, with God’s help, reached, as it were, the age for marriage (I mean the “age” of deserving, not of years), and is made fit for the heavenly Bridegroom. This is a union which we shall describe more fully in due course. But the hour is passing and poverty and our Rule demand that we go out to work. (3) Today we have been talking about the title. Tomorrow, with God’s help, we shall go on to speak about the kiss. 

1. The notion that Solomon had written three books of graduated difficulty by which the soul could progress from pracheal goodness in daily life to the contemplation of the high, spiritual truth and the love of God is a commonplace of medieval exegesis, borrowed from Origen.

2. In classical rhetorical textbooks orators were taught to inquire in trying a case in court, by whom the offense was committed, whom it concerned and to whom it was done, and so on. 

3. RB 48.

SERMON 2 

On the Kiss 

I.1. When I reflect, as I often do, on the ardor with which the patriarche longed for the incarnation of Christ, I am pierced with sorrow and shame. And now I can scarcely contain my tears, so ashamed am I of the lukewarmness and lethargy of the present times. For which of us is filled with joy at the realization of this grace as the holy men of old were moved to desire by the promise of it? 
Soon now we shall be rejoicing at the celebration of his birth (Lk 1:14). But would that it were really for his birth! How I pray that that burning desire and longing in the hearts of these holy men of old may be aroused in me by these words: “Let him kiss me with the kiss of his mouth” (Sg 1:1). In those days a spiritual man could sense in the Spirit how great would be the grace released by the touch of those lips (Ps 44:3). For that reason, speaking in the desire prompted by the Spirit (Is 26:8), he said, “Let him kiss me with the kiss of his mouth,” desiring with all his heart that he would not be deprived of a share in that sweetness. 
I.2. The good men of those days could say, “Of what use to me are the words the prophets have uttered? Rather, let him who is beautiful beyond the chIldren of men (Ps 44:3) kiss me with the kiss of his mouth. I am no longer content with what Moses says, for he sounds to me like someone who cannot speak well” (Ex 4:10). Isaiah is “a man of unclean lips” (Is 6:5) Jeremiah is a child who does not know how to speak (Jn 1:6). All the prophets are empty to me. 
But he, he of whom they speak, let him speak to me. Let him kiss me with the kiss of his mouth. Let him not speak to me in them or through them, for they are “a watery darkness, a dense cloud” (Ps 17:12). But let him kiss me with the kiss of his mouth, whose gracious presence and eloquence of wonderful teaching causes a “spring of living water” to well up in me to eternal life (Jn 4:14). Shall I not find that a richer grace is poured out upon me from him whom the Father has anointed with the oil of gladness more than all his companions, if he will deign to kiss me with the kiss of his mouth (Ps 44:8)? His living and effective word (Heb 4:12) is a kiss; not a meeting of lips, which can sometimes be deceptive about the state of the heart, but a full infusion of joys, a revelation of secrets, a wonderful and inseparable mingling of the light from above and the mind on which it is shed, which, when it is joined with God, is one spirit with him (1 Cor 6:17). 
It is with good reason, then, that I have nothing to do with dreams and visions, reject figures and mysteries, and even the beauty of angels seems tedious to me. For my Jesus outshines them so far in his beauty and loveliness (Ps 44:5). That is why I ask him, not any other, angel or man, to kiss me with the kiss of his mouth. 
II.2. I do not presume to think that I shall be kissed by his mouth. That is the unique felicity and singular prerogative of the humanity he assumed. But, more humbly, I ask to be kissed by the kiss of his mouth, which is shared by many, those who can say, “Indeed from his fullness we have all received” (Jn 1:16). 
II. 3. Listen carefully here. The mouth which kisses signifies the Word who assumes human nature; the flesh which is assumed is the recipient of the kiss; the kiss, which is of both giver and receiver, is the Person which is of both, the Mediator between God and man, the Man Christ Jesus (1 Tm 2:5). 
For this reason, none of the saints presumed to say, “Let him kiss me with his mouth,” but, “with the kiss of his mouth,” thus acknowledging that prerogative of him on whom uniquely once and for all the Mouth of the Word was pressed, when the whole fullness of the divinity gave itself to him in the body (Col 2:9). 
O happy kiss, and wonder of amazing self-humbling which is not a mere meeting of lips, but the union of God with man. The touch of lips signifies the bringing together of souls. But this conjoining of natures unites the human with the divine and makes peace between earth and heaven (Col 1:20). “For he himself is our peace, who made the two one” (Eph 2:14). This was the kiss for which the holy men of old longed, the more so because they foresaw the joy and exultation (Sir 15:6) of finding their treasure in him, and discovering all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge in him (Col 2:3), and they longed to receive of his fullness (Jn 1:16). 
II.4. I think that what I have said pleases you. But listen to another meaning. 
III.4. The holy men who lived before the coming of the Savior understood that God had in mind a plan to bring peace to the race of mortal men (Jer 29:11). For the Word would do nothing on earth which he did not reveal to his servants the prophets (Am 3:7). But this Word was hidden from many (Lk 18:34), for at that time faith was rare upon the earth and hope was very faint even in the hearts of many of those who were waiting for the redemption of Israel (Lk 2:38). Those who foreknew also proclaimed that Christ would come in the flesh and that with him would come peace. That is why one of them says, “There will be peace when he comes to our earth” (cf. Mi 5:5). By divine inspiration they preached faithfully that men were to be saved through the grace of God. John, the forerunner of the Lord, recognized that this was to be fulfilled in his own time, and he declared, “Grace and truth have come through Jesus Christ” (Jn 1:17), and all Christian peoples now experience the truth of what he said. 
III.5. In those days, although the prophets foretold peace, the faith of the people continually wavered because there was no one to redeem or save them (Ps 7:3), for the Author of peace delayed his coming (Mt 25:5). So men complained at the delay, because the Prince of Peace (Is 9:6), who had been so often proclaimed, had not yet come, as had been promised by the holy men who were his prophets from of old (Lk 1:70). 
They began to lose faith in the promises and they demanded the kiss, the sign of the promise of reconciliation. It was as if one of the people were to answer the messengers of peace, “How much longer are you going to keep us waiting?” (Jn 10:24). You foretell a peace which does not come. You promise good things and there is still confusion (Jer 14:19). See, many times and in many ways (Heb 1:1) angels announced to the patriarche and our fathers proclaimed to us (Ps 43:2), saying, “Peace. And there is no peace” (Jer 6:14). If God wants me to believe in his benevolent will which he has so often spoken of through the prophets but not yet shown in action, “Let him kiss me with the kiss of his mouth,” and so by this sign of peace make peace secure. For how am I to go on believing in mere words? They need to be confirmed by deeds. Let him confirm that his messengers spoke the truth, if they were his messengers, and let him follow them in person, as they have so often promised; for they can do nothing without him. He sent a boy bearing a staff (Jn 15:5) (1) but no voice or life (2 Kgs 4:26-31). 
I do not rise up or awaken; I am not shaken free of the dust (Js 52:2); I do not breathe in hope, if the prophet himself does not come down and kiss me with the kiss of his mouth. 
III.6. Here we must add that he who makes himself our Mediator with God is the Son of God and he is himself God. What is man that he should take notice of him, or the son of man, that he should think of him? (Ps 143:3). Where am I to find the faith to dare to trust in such majesty? How, I say, shall I, who am dust and ashes, presume to think that God cares about me (Sir 10:9)? He loves his Father. He does not need me, nor my possessions (Ps 15:2). How then shall I be sure that he will never fail me? 
If it is true, as you prophets say, that God has the intention of showing mercy, and thinks to make himself manifest for our reassurance (Ps 76:8), let him make a covenant of peace (Sir 45:30), an everlasting covenant with me (Is 61:8) by the kiss of his mouth. 
If he is not going to go back on what he has said (Phil 88:35), let him empty himself, humble himself (Phil 2:7), bend low and “kiss me with the kiss of his mouth.” If the Mediator is to be acceptable to both side let God the Son of God become man; let him become the son of man, and make me sure of him with the kiss of his mouth. When I know that the Mediator who is the Son of God is mine, then I shall accept him trustingly. Then there can be no mistrust. For he is brother to my flesh (Gn 37:27). For I think that bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh cannot spurn me (Gn 2:23). 
III.7. So, therefore, the old complaint went on about this most sacred kiss, that is, the mystery of the incarnation of the Word, while faith faints with weariness because of its long and troubled waiting, and the faithless people murmured against the promises of God because they were worn out by waiting. Am I making this up? Do you not recognize that this is what Scripture says, “Here are complaints and the loud murmur of voices, order on order, waiting on waiting, a little here, a little there” (Is 28:10)? Here are anxious prayers full of piety, “Give their reward, Lord, to those who wait on you, so that your prophets may be found faithful” (Sir 36:18). Again, “Bring about what the prophets of old prophesied in your name” (Sir 36:17). Here are sweet promises full of consolation, “Behold the Lord will appear; and he will not lie. If he seems slow, wait for him, for he will come, and that soon” (Hb 2:3). Again, “The time of his coming is near and his days will not be prolonged” (Is 14:1), and, from the Person of him who was promised, “Behold,” he says, “I am running toward you like a river of peace, and like a stream in flood with the glory of the nations” (Is 66:12). 
In these words, both the urgency of the preachers and the lack of faith of the people is clear enough. And so the people murmured and faith wavered and, as Isaiah puts it, “The messengers of peace weep bitterly” (Is 33:7). Therefore, because Christ delayed his coming lest the whole human race should perish in desperation while they thought their weak mortality condemned them and they did not trust that God would bring them the so-often promised reconciliation with him, those holy men who were made sure by the Spirit looked for the certainty that his presence could bring, and urgently demanded a sign that the covenant was about to be renewed for the sake of the weak in the faith. 
IV.8. O Root of Jesse, who stand as a sign to the peoples (Is 11:10), how many kings and prophets wanted to see you and did not (Lk 10:24)? Simeon is the happiest of them all because by God’s mercy he was still bearing fruit in old age. For he rejoiced to think that he would see the sign so long desired. He saw it and was glad (Jn 8:56). When he had received the kiss of peace he departed in peace, but first he proclaimed aloud that Jesus was born, a sign that would be rejected (Lk 2:25-34). 
And so it was. The sign of peace arose and was rejected, by those who hate peace (Ps 119:7). For what is peace to men of goodwill (Lk 2: 14) is a stone to make men stumble, a rock for the wicked to fall over (1 Pt 2:8). “Herod was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him” (Mt 2:3). He came to his own and his own did not receive him (Jn 1:11). Happy those shepherds keeping watch at night who were found worthy to be shown the sign of this vision (Lk 23:8). For even at that time he was hiding himself from the wise and prudent and revealing himself to the simple (Mt 11:25; Lk 10:21). Herod wanted to see him (Lk 23:8), but because he did not want to see him out of goodwill, he did not deserve to see him. 
The sign of peace was given only to men of goodwill; the only sign which was given to Herod and his like is the sign of Jonah and the prophet (Mt 12:39). The angel said to the shepherds, “This is a sign for you” (Lk 2:12), you who are humble, you who are obedient, you who are not haughty (Rom 12:16), you who are keeping vigil and meditating on God’s law day and night (Ps 1:2). “This is a sign for you,” he said. 
What is this sign? The sign the angels promised, the sign the people asked for, the sign the prophets foretold, the Lord Jesus has now made, and he shows it to you; the sign in which unbelievers receive the faith, the faint-hearted hope, the perfect security. This is your sign. 
What is it a sign of? Indulgence, grace, peace, the peace which will have no end (Is 9:7). It is this sign: “You will find a baby wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger” (Lk 2:12). But this baby is God himself, reconciling the world to himself in him (2 Cor 5:19). He will die for your sins and rise again to make you just (Rom 4:25), so that, made just by faith, you may be at peace with God (Rom 5:1). 
This was the sign of faith that the prophet once asked Achaz the king to ask of the Lord his God, either from the heavens or from the depthe of hell (Is 7:11). But the wicked king refused, not believing, wretched man, that in this sign the heights would be joined to the depthe in peace. This came to pass when the Lord descended even to hell, and greeted those who dwell there with a holy kiss (1 Cor 16:20), so that even they received the sign of peace, and then he returned to heaven and made it possible for the spirits there to share the same sign in everlasting joy. 
IV. 9. We must come to the end of this sermon. But let me sum up briefly what I have said. It seems clear that this holy kiss was given to the world for two reasons: to give the weak faith and to satisfy the desire of the perfect. This kiss is no other than the Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus (1 Tm 2:5), who with the Father and the Holy Spirit lives and reigns world without end, Amen. 

1. John the Baptist.

SERMON 62 

“My dove, in the clefts of the rock, in the crannies of the wall” (Sg 2:14). The dove finds safe refuge not only in the clefts of the rock, but also in the crannies of the wall. If we take the “wall” to be not an assembly of stones but the communion of saints, perhaps the crannies of the wall can be seen as the gaps left empty by the angels when they fell, and which are to be filled by men, like ruins to be mended by living stones. That is why the Apostle Peter says, “Come to him, to that living stone, and like living stones be yourselves built into spiritual houses” (1 Pt 2:4-5). 
I do not think it is inappropriate to understand the guardianship of angels as being like a wall in the Lord’s vineyard (which is the Church of those who are predestined), for Paul says, “Are they not all ministering spirits sent forth to serve, for the sake of those who receive the inheritance of salvation?” (Heb 1:14). And the prophet says, “The angel of the Lord hovers round those who fear him” (Ps 33:8). 
And so if we take it in that sense, it will mean that two things console the Church in her exile: the memory of the Passion of Christ in the past and in the future the contemplation of what she both thinks and believes will be her welcome among the saints (Col 1:12). 
In these glimpses of the past and the future she is filled with deep longing. Each is wholly pleasing to her. Each is a refuge from the evils which trouble her and from her sorrow (Ps 31:7, 106:39). Her consolation is complete, for she knows not only what she is to expect, but the source from which it is to come. It is a joyous expectation with no hesitation in it, because it rests on the death of Christ. 
Why should she be awestruck at the greatness of the reward when she weighe the price that was paid for it? How joyously she thinks of the clefts in the wall through which the ransom of his most precious blood flowed upon her. How joyously she explores the crannies, the many and varied resting-places and mansions which are in her Father’s house (Jn 14:2), in which he lodges his children according to the deserts of each! And indeed she does the only thing she can for now, and rests there in memory, entering in imagination into the heavenly home which is above. 
In time, she will mend the ruins (Ps 109:6) and dwell in both body and mind in those crannies, when she will light up with the presence of all her members the empty habitations deserted by those who once dwelt there. Then no cranny will be seen in the wall of heaven. It will be happily restored again to perfection and wholeness. 
II.2. But if you prefer, let us say that those crannies are not found but rather made, by studious and pious minds. How is that, you ask? By thought and desire. The wall crumbles like soft stone before the holy desire of the soul (Is 26:8). It falls to pure contemplation and yields to frequent prayer. For “the just man’s prayer pierces the skies” (Sir 35:21). 
It does not enter the spacious heights of this bodily air, in the way that a bird in flight does when it beats its wings, or pierce the dome of high heaven like a sharp sword. But there are holy heavens, living, rational, which tell of the glory of God (Ps 18:1), and they will look on us lovingly and gladly hear our prayers; and when they recognize our devotion, take us to their hearts whenever we come to them with good intentions. For “to him who knocks, it will be opened” (Mt 7:8). 
So each of us is able, even while we live this mortal life, to hollow out a place for himself in this heavenly wall, wherever he likes. We can go and see the patriarche now, greet the prophets now, now mingle even with the assembly of the apostles, now join the chorus of martyrs. Now we can even, with the quickness devotion gives us, run up and down the dwelling-places and ranks of the blessed orders of the angels up to the cherubim and seraphim. And if we stand and knock wherever we are drawn, moved inwardly by the Spirit’s will (1 Cor 12:11), the door will be opened to us at once (Lk 12:36). It will be as though a cranny has been made in the holy mountains, or rather, in the minds of the holy ones, and they take us to themselves so that we may share their rest for a time. 
God is pleased by the face and voice of every soul which does this: the face because of its candor; the voice because it is lifted in praise. “For praise and beauty are in his sight” (Ps 95:6). It is to the man who is like this that he says, “Show me your face. Let your voice sound in my ears” (Sg 2:14). This is the voice of wonder in the mind of the contemplative, the voice which gives thanks. God takes delight in crannies like this, from which rings out the sound of thanksgiving, the sound of wonder and praise. 
II.3. Happy is the mind which is often at work making a hollow for itself in this wall. But how much happier is he who makes it in the rock! For it is good to make hollows in the rock, too, but to do that the mind must have a very keen edge of purity, and a wholehearted purpose, and it must have greater merits. “Who is equal to such a calling” (2 Cor 2:16)? Surely he was who said, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God and the Word was God” (Jn 1:1-2). Does it not seem to you that he had penetrated to the very depthe of the Word, and drawn forth from his innermost breast the holiest essence of divine wisdom? What of he who spoke wisdom among the perfect, wisdom veiled in mystery, which none of the princes of this world knew (1 Cor 2:6-8)? 
Surely this holy gazer, who passed through the first and second heavens by his keen but devout curiosity, gained this wisdom at last from this third? He tells us himself, as faithftully as he can, in the most exact words he can find. But he also heard words which cannot be spoken, which he is not allowed to speak to men, for he spoke them to himself and to God (2 Cor 12:4). Perhaps God says to him, as if to console his anxious love, “Why are you troubled because human hearing cannot capture your thought? Let your voice sound in my ears” (Sg 2:14). If what you feel cannot be revealed to mortals, be comforted nevertheless, for your voice can seek to delight the ears of God. Do you see the holy soul of Paul, now solemn for love of us, transported in the purity of its love for God (2 Cor 5:13)? See Holy David, too, whether he himself is not the man of whom he says to God as though he were speaking of someone else, “For the thought of a man will offer you praise, and the rest of his thoughts will be a feast-day for you” (Ps 75:11). So as much as could come through the medium of the prophet’s thought, word, and example, he spoke aloud at once in praising the Lord before the people; and the rest he kept between himself and God. They hold festival together “in joy and exultation” (Ps 44:16). This, then, is what he wanted to tell us in this verse. He passed on whatever he could of all he saw and understood of the mystery of wisdom, by preaching it fully to the people. The remainder, which the people could not understand, he expressed in praise to God in a festivity of joy. See, there is nothing lost in holy contemplation, when what cannot be shared with the people for their edification becomes a sweet and lovely praise of God (Ps 146:1). 
III.3. It is clear, then, that there are two sorts of contemplation. One is concerned with the life and happiness and glory of the heavenly city, where a great multitude of heavenly citizens is busy with activity, or at rest. The other is directed toward the majesty, eternity, and divinity of the King himself. The first is of the wall, the other of the rock. 
The more difficult the hollowing out, the sweeter the taste of the reward. Do not be afraid of Scripture’s warning about gazing upon majesty (Prv 25:27). Just bring a pure and single eye (Lk 11:34). You will not be dazzled by the glory, but allowed to look into it (Prv 25:27}-- unless it is not God’s glory but your own that you are seeking. otherwise, each is overwhelmed not by God’s glory but his own. When you bend down toward your own glory, you cannot lift up your head to look at his, because you are weighed down by greed. 
With that out of the way, let us tunnel confidently in the rock, in which the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden (Col 2:3). If you are still not convinced, hear what the Rock himself says. “Those who do things in me shall not sin” (Sir 24:30). Who will give me wings like a dove so that I may fly away and be at rest (Ps 54:7)? The meek and simple find rest (Mt 11:29) where the deceitful man is oppressed, and the man who is puffed up and desirous of vainglory (Gal 5:26). The Church is a dove, and so she rests. She is a dove because she meekly receives the Word which enters her (Jas 1:21). And she rests in the Word, that is, in the Rock, for the Rock is the Word.
And so the Church is in the clefts of the Rock, and she gazes through them and sees the glory of her Bridegroom. But she is not overwhelmed by glory because she does not claim it for herself. She is not overwhelmed because she is not peering into the majesty of God but seeking to know his will. She does sometimes dare to contemplate what belongs to his majesty, yet in wonder, not curiosity. But if ever she is carried away in rapture, it is because the finger of God deigns so to raise man up (Ex 8; Lk 11:20), not the rashness of man insolently pushing its way into the depths of God. For when the Apostle recalls that rapture, he makes excuse for his daring (2 Cor 12:2). What other mortal man would be so presumptuous as to attempt by himself to make a fearful scrutiny of the divine majesty? What insolent contemplative would try to burst into those awesome mysteries? I think that although those who scrutinize majesty are called “invaders,” that applies not to those who are carried away but to those who push their way in. And so it is they who are overwhelmed by glory. 
III.5. Scrutinizing God’s majesty, then, is something to regard with awe. But it is safe and devout to seek to know his will. Why should I not devote myself wholeheartedly to studying the mystery of his holy will when I know that I must obey it in all things? Sweet is the glory whose only source is the contemplation of his sweetness, the riches of his goodness, the multitude of his mercies (Ex 34:6; Rom 2:4). “We have seen his glory, the glory as of the only-begotten of the Father” Gn 1:14), Whatever glory is seen in this way is kindly and fatherly. That glory will not overwhelm me (Prv 25:27), even if I bend all my energies upon it; rather, it will impress itself on me. And “with faces unveiled, beholding the glory of the Lord, we are being transformed into his likeness from one degree of glory to another; for this comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit (2 Cor 3:18). 
We are transformed when we become like him. God forbid that a man should presume to be conformed to the glory of his majesty rather than the modesty of his will. This is my glory (2 Cor 1:12), to hear it said of me one day, “I have found a man after my own heart” (Acts 13:22). The heart of the Bridegroom is the Father’s heart. What is like? Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful (Lk 6:36). This is what he wants to see when he says to the Church, “Show me your face” (Sg 2:14), a look of love and gentleness. Let her raise such a face in perfect faith to the Rock she resembles. “Come to him and be enlightened,” says the Psalmist, “and your faces shall never be ashamed” (Ps 33:6). How can the humble be put to shame by the humble, the devout by the holy, the modest by the meek? The Bride’s pure face will no more shrink back from the purity of the Rock than virtue from virtue or light from light. 
IV.6. But because up to now the whole Church has not been able to make a cleft in the Rock -- for it is not possible for everyone in the Church to search out the mysteries of the divine will (Eph 1:9) or penetrate the depths of God for himself (1 Cor 2:10 -- the Church is shown to dwell not only in the clefts of the rock but also in the crannies of the wall. Therefore she dwells in the clefts of the rock through those who are perfect, who dare to explore and penetrate into the secrets of wisdom in purity of conscience, and who are able to do so because of the keenness of their understanding. 
As for others, those who either cannot hollow out the rock for themselves or do not have the courage to do so, let them be content to dig in the wall and see the glory of the saints in their minds. If anyone cannot do even this, let him set before him Jesus and him crucified (1 Cor 2:2), so that without any labor of his own he may dwell in the clefts of the rock he has not made for himself (Jn 4:38). The Jews labored at them, and such a man will take advantage of the labors of unbelievers in order to be a believer himself. Let him not fear that he will suffer a rebuff. “Enter into the rock,” says Isaiah, “and hide in the hollowed ground from the face of the fear of the Lord, and from the glory of his majesty” (Is 2:10). To the soul which is still weak and sluggish, who confesses in the words of the Gospel that he is unable to dig and ashamed to beg (Lk 16:3), is shown here a hollow in the ground where he may gather strength until he grows strong and vigorous enough to make a cleft in the rock for himself to enter the inwardness of the Word. 
IV. 7. And if we understand a reference to this hollow in the ground in the words “they have dug my hands and my feet” (Ps 21:17), we can be in no doubt that the wounded soul which lies there will rapidly be restored to health. For what can be so effective a cure for the wound of conscience and so purifying to keenness of mind as steady meditation on the wounds of Christ? Indeed I do not see how anyone can apply the words “Let me see your face; let me hear your voice” (Sg 2:14) until he is wholly purified and healed. How can anyone dare to show his face or raise his voice if he is told to hide? He was told to “hide in the hollowed ground” (Is 2: 10). Why? Because he was so ugly he was not fit to be seen. 
He was not fit to be seen as long as he was not fit to see. But when he has made such progress in the healing of his inner eye by hiding in the hole in the ground that he can look on the glory of God with his face uncovered (2 Cor 3:18), then, pleasing in voice and face alike, he will confidently say what he will see. The face must be pleasing which can look on the brightness of God. Nor could it do this if it was not itself clear and pure, and wholly transformed into the likeness of the brightness it gazes on. Otherwise it would fall back through sheer unlikeness, recoil at the splendor it is not accustomed to. When a pure soul can gaze on the pure truth, then, the Bridegroom himself will want to look at his face and then to hear his voice. 
IV.8. He shows how much he is pleased by the pure mind’s preaching of the truth when he says at once, “For your voice is sweet” (Sg 2:14). He shows that an ugly face makes the voice displeasing to him when he says next, “And your face is lovely.” What is the inner loveliness of the face but purity? A lovely face is pleasing in many who do not preach. But without it, preaching pleases no one. Truth does not reveal itself to the impure; wisdom does not entrust itself to such. How can they speak of that which they have not seen? We speak of what we know and we bear witness to what we have seen (Jn 3:11). 
Go, then, and be bold to bear witness to what you have not seen, to preach what you do not know. 
Do you ask whom I call impure? Anyone who seeks for human praise, who preaches for money (1 Cor 9:18), for a living, who sees godliness as a means of gain (1 Tm 6:5), who works not for the fruit of the Spirit but for financial reward -- these are the impure; and although because they are impure they are not able to perceive the truth, they presume to preach it. 
Why do you act so hastily? Why do you not wait for light? Why dare to do the work of light before the light comes? “It is vain for you to get up before it is light” (Ps 126:2). The light is purity, a love which does not want its own way (1 Cor 13: 15). If that takes the lead, the tongue will not go astray. 
The proud eye does not see the truth. To the sincere the truth is obvious (Ps 100:5). Truth does not withhold itself from the pure in heart and thus fail to be told. “God says to the sinner: what right have you to recite my statutes and speak of my covenant?” (Ps 49:16). Many, having nothing of this purity, try to speak before they see. They have gone badly wrong; knowing nothing of what they are saying or of what they claim, they deserve to be mocked when they teach others what they themselves have not learned (Rom 2:21). 
Pray that we may always be preserved from these two evils by the Bridegroom of the Church, our Lord Jesus Christ, who is God over all, blessed forever. Amen.